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| c. 50 |
| | Tribes speaking Finno-Ugric languages are by now settled around the northeast of the Baltic, in modern Estonia and Finland | |
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| 1323 |
| | A treaty divides Finland between two powerfully competitive neighbours, Sweden and Novgorod | |
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| 1581 |
| | Finland is granted the status of a separate grand duchy within the realm of Sweden | |
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| 1617 |
| | The treaty of Stolbova brings into Swedish hands the coast round the Gulf of Finland, ending Russian access to the Baltic | |
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| 1808 |
| | Russia, after winning much of Finland from Sweden during the previous century, invades again in 1808 | |
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| 1809 |
| | In the Treaty of Hamina (or Fredrikshamn), Sweden cedes Finland to Russia as an autonomous grand duchy | |
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